Nanotechnology research holds such promise that we simply cannot afford to abandon it. Scientists working in nanotechnology jobs are looking at ways to enhance the products we use, the medications that treat diseases, preventative screenings and the foods we eat. The answer to a number of confounding questions can be found in tiny particles one-billionth the size of a meter. Yet, what are the risks associated with this new nano science? And who is in charge of the oversight for new products containing nano-materials? The answers just might surprise you.
A June 11, 2009 study revealed the first evidence that nano-particles may cause lung damage by triggering autophagic cell death. However, by combining an autophagy inhibitor, nanotechnology research experts were able to prevent cell death and counteract nanoparticle-related lung damage in mice. Lung damage has been the primary concern, with a number of studies demonstrating that the majority of nano-particles naturally migrate to the lungs. “Nanomedicine holds extraordinary promise, particularly for diseases such as cancer and viral infections, but safety concerns have recently attracted great attention and with the technology evolving rapidly, we need to start finding ways now to protect workers and consumers from any toxic effects that might come with it,” said study leader, Dr. Chengyu Jiang.
So what does the Food and Drug Administration say about nanotechnology applications? “In light of this fast-rising commercialization, the FDA needs to make certain that it has the tools, resources and information necessary to ensure the safety of novel products before they enter the market, and to detect and move swiftly to correct any problems that may arise,” says David Rejeski, director of nanotechnology research for the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies (PEN). “Given the agency’s insufficient resources, which for two decades have not kept pace with inflation, making sure that the FDA has the capacity to safely manage nanotechnology must be the shared responsibility of Congress and our political leaders. The agency must be ‘nano-ready’ for the products on the market today and able to deal with the more advanced nanotechnology applications expected in the next 5-10 years.”
In a report released this past August, David Rand, Robert Hurt and colleagues noted that exposure to large amounts of nano-particles had adverse effects on adult fruit flies. During the nanotechnology research experiment, flies injected with the contaminants transferred nano-materials to other adult flies, causing incapacitation or death. However, fly larvae and flies that simply ate nano-particles showed no such reactions. Scientists say that many more tests must be done to examine the relationship between transmission of nano-particles and long-term effects of these materials.
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